Biological Perspectives of Molecular Genetics: Bipolar II Disorder

Brain imaging scans such as fMRI’s (functional magnetic resonance imaging) have correlations within neurological psychology with BPDII and continue to evolve within the scientific community related to the biological system (Cervone & Pervin, 2023).  This proves there is a genetic component.  But we have a long way to go and are only scratching the surface within molecular genetics and mental health.  “A genome-wide association study (GWAS), researchers explore each of a series of variations that may occur at individual locations in the human genome (Cervone & Pervin, 2023, p. 428).  Studies like these are significant when it has been theorized that up to 50% of mental health genes are passed on to heredity.  Cloninger, Cloninger, Zwir, and Keltikangas-Jä, (2019) found over 700 genes that condition the molecular processes to be universal throughout replication samples from Germany to Korea.  “There is extensive evidence that treatments of temperament are most effective when treatment addresses all three systems of learning and memory in a coordinated manner: behavioral conditioning, intentional self-control, and self-aware evaluation need to be integrated in order to be strongly and consistently effective in promoting health and well-being (Cloninger, Cloninger, Zwir, & Keltikangas-Jä, 2019, p. 17).  Without bias in DNA, treatment can be person-centered with BPDII.

References

Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. (2023). Personality theory and research (Fifteenth ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from ISBN 9781119891673

Cloninger, C. R., Cloninger, K. M., Zwir, I., & Keltikangas-Jä, L. (2019). The complex genetics and biology of human temperament: a review of traditional concepts in relation to new molecular findings. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 1-21. Retrieved from doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0621-4

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Professional Introduction

Image
  Hello! I am M. Aly Wilson-Mendenall and have been blessed to have had a life full of experiences before becoming an example for someone.  Unable to teach what I did not know, I set a goal for myself and "Justice" that I would do just that and graduate within five years.  With the help of scholarships awarded me from praiseworthy organizations such as American Association of University Women (AAUW), the support of honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Chi, and with the culmination of hard work and determination, that dream came to fruition when I graduated with an Associates of Arts degree in Communication Studies.  I set out once again to raise the bar higher and in just a couple additional years I graduated with a bachelor's degree from California State University, Sacramento in Communication Studies.    Just when I thought, “it was good enough for who it is for” and began to rest on my laurels, COVID-19 plagued our world....
Read more

Clinical Disorder: Bipolar II

            Bipolar II is classified as an affective, episodic, mood disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2022).   Social and cultural considerations are important risk factors with the mental health diagnosis and treatment crisis.   Stigma attached views, religion that is also great influential as well as considerations of micro-cultures, such as minority ethnic groups are also important to recognize (Yakeley, 2018) .   The US population has a .5% increase prevalence compared to the rest of the world.   Safety and risk considerations should be made with this high-risk population due to the difficulty of correctly diagnosing, assessments and high comorbidity rates.   Additionally, HIPAA protections of their private health information and privacy during treatment are areas for concern.   Furt...
Read more

Construct & Behavior Manifestation: Bipolar II

Heterotypic psychopathological continuity is defined as one disorder predicting another whereas homotypic continuum is consistent within the same disorder throughout the lifespan’s developmental phases (Shevlin, McElroy, & Murphy, 2017).   With BPDII, “The illness most often begins with a depressive episode and is not recognized as bipolar II disorder until a hypomanic episode occurs; this happens in about 12% of individuals with the initial diagnosis of major depressive disorder” (American Psychiatric Association, 2022, p. 155).   The clinical issue becomes how to mitigate the continuum for psychopathological heterotypic and behavior manifestation in BPDII individuals.   Biological and external influence such as culture interact with the developmental processes of personality.   How then a clinician assesses individual personality and developmental process, within the context of the society in which they live, congruently with the expression of mal...
Read more